The homing drive targets a haplosufficient female fertility gene and convert it into the drive in germline cells. Females with no such functional fertility gene are sterile; otherwise they are fertile.
If drive conversion does not occur, the targetted wild-type allele may become nonfunctional (r2) or functional (r1) resistance alleles.
All individuals mate randomly and the number of their offspring is determined by density-dependent competition. Generations are not overlapping.
Fecundity: \(\displaystyle \omega' = \frac{\omega \beta}{\frac{N(\beta-1)}{K}+1}\), where \(\beta\) is the low-density growth rate, \(N\) is the current population size, \(K\) is the carrying capacity,
and \(\omega\) is the genotype-based fitness of the female.
Number of eggs per female: \(n=50\); birth rate of each egg: \(p=\omega / 25\).
If a wild-type allele is not converted to a drive allele, then it has a probability equal to the "late r2 formation rate" to become r2.
If a wild-type allele is not converted to a drive allele or r2 allele in male germline cells, then it has a \(0.01\) probability to become r1. (This fixed value will be changable in the future)
The simulation is allowed to run \(100\) generations; transgenes are only released in the first generation.
Champer, J., Kim, I. K., Champer, S. E., Clark, A. G., & Messer, P. W. (2021). Suppression gene drive in continuous space can result in unstable persistence of both drive and wild-type alleles. Molecular ecology, 30(4), 1086–1101.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15788
A female-specific dominant lethal gene is integrated into a homing drive.
If drive conversion does not occur, the targetted wild-type allele may become a resistance allele.
All individuals mate randomly and the number of their offspring is determined by density-dependent competition. Generations are not overlapping.
Male drive homozygotes are released every generation.
Fecundity: \(\displaystyle \omega' = \frac{\omega \beta}{\frac{N_\text{f}(\beta-1)}{K/2}+1}\), where \(\beta\) is the low-density growth rate, \(N_\text{f}\) is the female population size, \(K\) is
the carrying capacity, and \(\omega\) is the genotype-based fitness of the female. This indicates that only females contribute to the density-dependent competition, and female drive carriers will
be counted in \(N_\text{f}\) representing they are involved in the competition.
Number of eggs per female: \(n=50\); birth rate of each egg: \(p=\omega / 25\).
If a wild-type allele is not converted to a drive allele, then it has a probability equal to the "late resistance formation rate" to become resistant. Functional resistance r1 is ignored in this model.
The simulation is allowed to run \(100\) generations.
Zhu, J.*, Chen, J.*, Liu, Y.*, Xu, X. & Champer, J. (2023). Population suppression with dominant female-lethal alleles is boosted by homing gene drive. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.12.05.570109